Internal vs. External Gear: Internal gear pumps generally handle higher pressures (up to 300+ bar) with better efficiency. External gear pumps are common for low to medium pressures (up to 250 bar).
Rule: Match the pump's rated continuous pressure to your system's maximum operating pressure, plus a safety margin. Never exceed its maximum intermittent rating.
Calculate Based on Actuator Needs: Determine required flow (L/min or GPM) for desired actuator speed, considering volumetric efficiency loss (typically 85-95% for gear pumps).
Rule: Select a pump where your required flow falls within the pump's efficient mid-range at the operating speed, not at its maximum limit.
Material Matters: Pump materials (cast iron, aluminum, bronze, seals) must be fully compatible with your hydraulic fluid (mineral oil, HFC, HFD, bio-degradable).
Rule: Verify compatibility with the fluid manufacturer. Standard mineral oil offers the widest material choice.
Optimal Window: Every pump has an optimal speed (RPM) and fluid viscosity range (typically 16-36 mm²/s for operation).
Rule: Avoid extremely low speeds (causing poor lubrication) and high speeds (causing cavitation). Use a viscosity-temperature chart to ensure fluid stays within the pump's allowable range.
Balancing Act: External gear pumps offer lower initial cost. Internal gear pumps offer higher efficiency, lower noise, and longer life at a higher price.
Rule: For demanding, continuous duty cycles, invest in a higher-performance pump. For simple, intermittent applications, a cost-effective external gear pump may suffice.
Noise Levels: Gear pumps can be noisy. Check dB(A) ratings if the pump is in a noise-sensitive area.
Duty Cycle: Ensure the pump is rated for your application's duty cycle (continuous vs. intermittent).
Mounting & Driveshaft: Confirm mechanical compatibility with your prime mover (electric motor, engine).
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